A procedure that gives each outcome a fair chance

Design random selection procedures and justify fairness

Problem types

Probability of one event
Permutations and combinations · Useful idea
A fair random choice among arrangements or groups gives each of the counted outcomes the same probability.

Checking a chance model by simulation · Extend the idea
A fair procedure gives each outcome the same probability, which is the model that simulated results are compared against.
Testing a difference by randomization · See it applied
A fair random shuffle of group labels is the procedure a randomization test repeats.
Studies, experiments, and samples · See it applied
Random selection and random assignment are fair procedures that justify the scope of an inference.

Comparing uncertain strategies · Related idea
A decision that picks among options by a random device needs the device to be fair.
A distribution from a sample space · Related idea
A fair procedure has a theoretical distribution in which every outcome is equally likely.
Association is not causation · Related idea
Random assignment is a fair random procedure that gives every subject the same chance of each treatment.

Open the interactive map to explore lessons and skill connections.