Curriculum placement
Precalculus. This describes the skill, not a learner estimate.
Motion described by a parameter
Describe motion using paired functions of a parameter
Problem types
- Convert parametric equations to a rectangular relation
- Linear parametric motion
Builds on
- Vectors and their components
- Composition of functions
- Polar and Cartesian coordinates · Earlier idea
A polar curve r = f(θ) is a parametric curve x = f(θ)cos θ, y = f(θ)sin θ with θ as the parameter, so polar points are positions given by a parameter.
- Pythagorean and angle-sum identities · Useful idea
The identity cos squared + sin squared = 1 turns x = cos t, y = sin t into the equation of a circle.
- Choosing a periodic model · Earlier idea
A rider on a wheel has a height that is a sinusoid of time. Pairing it with a second sinusoid for horizontal position describes the whole circular path as a function of one parameter.
- Dividing a segment in a given ratio · Earlier idea
The point a fraction t of the way from A to B is A + t(B - A), which is a parametric line.
- A parabola as points equally far from a focus and a line · Useful idea
The path of an object with constant horizontal speed and constant vertical acceleration is a parabola written with a parameter.
- Rules for an arithmetic sequence · Useful idea
Position after equal steps is a first term plus a number of common differences, as a parametric equation moves at constant velocity.
- Linear equations from constraints · Useful idea
Position at constant velocity is a linear model in time, which parametric equations write for each coordinate.
Leads to
- Matrices as transformations of the plane · See it applied
A parametric circle is rotated or stretched by applying a matrix to the coordinate pair at each parameter value.
- Velocity and force as vectors · See it applied
A position (x(t), y(t)) is a vector that changes at a constant velocity vector (a, b), whose length is the speed.
- Period, amplitude, and midline · See it applied
Each coordinate of a circular parametric motion is a sine or cosine of the parameter, with amplitude and period.
Related skills
- Conic sections and their equations · Related idea
A circle or ellipse can be traced by x = h + a cos t, y = k + b sin t, which satisfies the conic's standard equation because cos² t + sin² t = 1.
- Finding an inverse function · Shared foundations
- Operations on matrices · Shared foundations
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